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Greek flag with blue and white stripes and cross, captured in close-up against a softly blurred urban background.

Greek flag with blue and white stripes and cross, captured in close-up against a softly blurred urban background.

Greek implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Feb 19, 20241 min read

Irish flag in green, white and orange, photographed in close-up with natural lighting and a blurred urban background.

Irish flag in green, white and orange, photographed in close-up with natural lighting and a blurred urban background.

Irish implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 22, 20231 min read

German flag in black, red and gold waving in close-up, set against a softly blurred cityscape in natural daylight.

German flag in black, red and gold waving in close-up, set against a softly blurred cityscape in natural daylight.

German implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 22, 20231 min read

Drapeau italien flottant en gros plan sur fond urbain flou, avec ses couleurs vert, blanc et rouge mises en valeur en lumière naturelle.

Drapeau italien flottant en gros plan sur fond urbain flou, avec ses couleurs vert, blanc et rouge mises en valeur en lumière naturelle.

Italian implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 22, 20231 min read

Portuguese flag with coat of arms captured in close-up, waving in daylight against a soft-focus city backdrop.

Portuguese flag with coat of arms captured in close-up, waving in daylight against a soft-focus city backdrop.

Portuguese implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 22, 20231 min read

Romanian and Austrian flags waving side by side in close-up, set against a softly blurred urban background in natural daylight.

Romanian and Austrian flags waving side by side in close-up, set against a softly blurred urban background in natural daylight.

November infringement package: Austria and Romania sent reasoned opinions regarding the RAD

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 22, 20231 min read

Drapeau italien flottant en gros plan sur fond urbain flou, avec ses couleurs vert, blanc et rouge mises en valeur en lumière naturelle.

Drapeau italien flottant en gros plan sur fond urbain flou, avec ses couleurs vert, blanc et rouge mises en valeur en lumière naturelle.

Italian implementation of the Representative Actions Directive

REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE

Maria José Azar-Baud

Nov 22, 20231 min read

European Union flag representing EU consumer rights and collective litigation in the Dieselgate cases.

European Union flag representing EU consumer rights and collective litigation in the Dieselgate cases.

Seven Years of Dieselgate: A Never-Ending Story

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 12, 20221 min read

Gavel on world map representing international mass civil litigation and global collective redress.

Gavel on world map representing international mass civil litigation and global collective redress.

The Globalization of Mass Civil Litigation: Lessons from the Volkswagen “Clean Diesel” Case

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 20, 20211 min read

Portuguese courthouse building in Lisbon representing collective redress and consumer protection cases.

Portuguese courthouse building in Lisbon representing collective redress and consumer protection cases.

DECO and Popular Actions in Portugal: Landmark Consumer Litigation Cases

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 12, 20211 min read

Portuguese flag on courthouse building representing constitutional basis of class actions in Portugal.

Portuguese flag on courthouse building representing constitutional basis of class actions in Portugal.

Class Actions in Portugal: The Little Regime That Could

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 12, 20211 min read

Portuguese flag on historic building in Lisbon representing collective litigation and consumer rights in Portugal.

Portuguese flag on historic building in Lisbon representing collective litigation and consumer rights in Portugal.

Ius Omnibus—Ongoing Popular Actions in Portugal

Maria José Azar-Baud

Dec 12, 20211 min read

Globe focused on Europe representing EU cross-border collective actions and consumer compensation claims.

Globe focused on Europe representing EU cross-border collective actions and consumer compensation claims.

Dieselgate: The Long and Winding Road to Consumer Compensation

Maria José Azar-Baud

Nov 12, 20211 min read

Neoclassical courthouse interior with columns representing Belgian class action and collective redress law.

Neoclassical courthouse interior with columns representing Belgian class action and collective redress law.

Class and Collective Actions in Belgium

Maria José Azar-Baud

Nov 10, 20211 min read

Danish courthouse building representing class and collective actions in Denmark.

Danish courthouse building representing class and collective actions in Denmark.

Class and Collective Actions in Denmark

Maria José Azar-Baud

Nov 9, 20211 min read

The Globalization of Mass Civil Litigation: Lessons from the Volkswagen “Clean Diesel” Case

Maria José Azar-Baud

Jun 22, 20211 min read

drapeau allemand flottant au vent

drapeau allemand flottant au vent

Mechanisms of Collective Redress in Germany

Leggen Jana & Kather Nurelia

Nov 25, 20201 min read

Peace Palace in The Hague representing collective redress and mass claims litigation in the Netherlands

Peace Palace in The Hague representing collective redress and mass claims litigation in the Netherlands

Collective Actions in the Netherlands—A Step Forward ?

Maria José Azar-Baud

Jan 1, 20201 min read

Parlement européen à Strasbourg, symbole des institutions européennes impliquées dans l’évolution du droit du recours collectif.

Parlement européen à Strasbourg, symbole des institutions européennes impliquées dans l’évolution du droit du recours collectif.

Le débat sur l’action collective en Europe : ils n’ont rien appris, ni rien oublié ?

Maria José Azar-Baud

Oct 1, 20151 min read

Certain photographs have been kindly provided by Jan-Erik Rottinghuis ©

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