The texts published are drafted in their original language and are not subject to any translation.

Within this dedicated section, readers will find the national legislative instruments adopted by the Member States of the European Union in order to transpose Directive (EU) 2020/1828 representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers.

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As of today, twenty-five Member States have formally transposed the Directive into their domestic legal orders. Only Spain and Bulgaria have, to date, proceeded with a partial transposition. The legislative materials made available in this section reflect the current state of implementation across the Union and aim to provide a reliable and structured reference point for comparative and practical analysis.

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This tab enables readers to access information concerning the manner in which the Directive has been implemented in the various Member States, including the scope of application, the designation and standing of qualified entities, admissibility requirements, funding arrangements, injunctive and redress measures, and the procedural safeguards introduced at national level. The Observatory’s objective is to facilitate a comprehensive and comparative understanding of how the European framework on representative actions has been operationalised within diverse legal traditions and procedural systems.

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For further analysis of the broader structural transformations introduced by the Directive and their implications for collective redress in Europe, readers are invited to consult: Maria José AZAR-BAUD, “Winds of Change after the Representative Actions Directive”, published in the Mass Claims Journal.