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Five years after its introduction, the Dutch class action regime (WAMCA) has undergone its first statutory evaluation. The report identifies key challenges, including lengthy preliminary proceedings, unclear admissibility requirements, and limited procedural flexibility, and proposes reforms to improve efficiency, clarity, and court management of collective actions.

Belgium has had a collective redress regime for consumers since 2014. The Act of 21 April 2024 implements Directive (EU) 2020/1828 and introduces targeted yet significant reforms, including an expanded scope, revised standing rules, post-judgment opt-in as the default, and streamlined procedural mechanisms. This article analyses the 2024 revisions to the Belgian class action framework.

Austria has now notified the European Commission of its transposition of Directive (EU) 2020/1828. The notified measure is the “VRUN”, published in the Austrian Federal Law Gazette on 17 July, marking a further step in the implementation of the Representative Actions Directive.

Slovakia implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Act No. 261/2023 Coll. on Actions for the Protection of Collective Interests of Consumers, adopted on 21 June 2023. The Act establishes a dedicated procedural framework for representative actions aimed at safeguarding consumers’ collective interests in line with the Representative Actions Directive.

Croatia implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through the Law on Representative Actions for the Protection of Collective Interests and Consumer Rights (No 59/23). The new framework establishes procedural rules for representative actions aimed at protecting consumers’ collective interests in line with the Representative Actions Directive.

Latvia implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through the Law of 14 September 2023 amending the Consumer Rights Protection Law and the Law on Civil Procedure. The reform introduces a representative actions mechanism within the existing consumer protection and procedural framework.

Greece implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Law 5019/2023, strengthening the framework for representative actions aimed at protecting consumers’ collective interests. The Act aligns Greek consumer protection law with the Representative Actions Directive and introduces procedural mechanisms for collective redress.

Romania implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Law No 414/2023 on the conduct of representative actions for the protection of consumers’ collective interests, adopted on 19 December 2023. The Act establishes the procedural framework for representative actions in line with the Representative Actions Directive.

Portugal implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 by adapting its existing collective redress framework to align with the Representative Actions Directive. The reform integrates the EU requirements into Portugal’s long-standing system of popular actions and collective consumer protection.